UNIT 11

HARROD’S: ALL THINGS FOR ALL PEOPLE, EVERYWHERE

‘Enter a different world’ it says on the doormat and this is what you do when you visit Harrod’s in Knightsbridge, London. Harrod’s is the world’s most celebrated store, says Chairman Mr. Mohamed Al Fayed.

In the beginning, Harrods was just a small grocer’s shop. It was opened in 1849 and run by Charles Henry Harrod. His son took over and added medicines and perfumes, as well as fruit, flowers, sweets and a van delivery service.

Over the years, Harrod’s has survived a fire, two World Wars and even two bombings. In 1983, Harrod’s moved abroad and opened a branch in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, as well as airport shops in most major European cities. Today, around 35.000 people visit Harrod’s every day. It has got 300 departments spread over seven floors and employs over 4.000 staff. It also has doormen, known as ‘Green Men’ as well as its own fire brigade, security personnel, doctors and nurses.

Harrod’s is the official supplier of certain goods to the Royal Family, and sells everything from clothes to caviar. The Food Halls are still the heart and soul of Harrod’s. In addition to the nineteen bars and restaurants in the store, there is a bank, a travel agent’s, a dry cleaner’s and the biggest hair and beauty salon in Europe.

January and July are very busy months for Harrod’s because they are sale times. Over 300.000 customers visit the store on the first day alone. Many people sleep outside the store all night to be first in when the doors open on the first day.

‘All things, for all people, everywhere’ is the store’s motto. The Harrod’s name means the best of British quality, service and style. All in all, Harrod’s is a fascinating place to visit.

‘Enter a different world’ it says on the doormat and this is what you do when you visit Harrod’s in Knightsbridge, London. Harrod’s is the world’s most celebrated store, says Chairman Mr. Mohamed Al Fayed.

In the beginning, Harrods was just a small grocer’s shop. It was opened in 1849 and run by Charles Henry Harrod. His son took over and added medicines and perfumes, as well as fruit, flowers, sweets and a van delivery service.

Over the years, Harrod’s has survived a fire, two World Wars and even two bombings. In 1983, Harrod’s moved abroad and opened a branch in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, as well as airport shops in most major European cities. Today, around 35.000 people visit Harrod’s every day. It has got 300 departments spread over seven floors and employs over 4.000 staff. It also has doormen, known as ‘Green Men’ as well as its own fire brigade, security personnel, doctors and nurses.

Harrod’s is the official supplier of certain goods to the Royal Family, and sells everything from clothes to caviar. The Food Halls are still the heart and soul of Harrod’s. In addition to the nineteen bars and restaurants in the store, there is a bank, a travel agent’s, a dry cleaner’s and the biggest hair and beauty salon in Europe.

January and July are very busy months for Harrod’s because they are sale times. Over 300.000 customers visit the store on the first day alone. Many people sleep outside the store all night to be first in when the doors open on the first day.

‘All things, for all people, everywhere’ is the store’s motto. The Harrod’s name means the best of British quality, service and style. All in all, Harrod’s is a fascinating place to visit. 

12.

1.    It’s a beautiful brown box with a brass lock.

2.    It’s large grey cotton shirt with a white collar.

3.    It’s heavy black metal saucepan with brown handles.

4.    It’s a nice blue silk scarf with yellow start on it

13.

1.    It’s a grey plastic suitcase with stickers on it.

2.    It’s metal ring with diamonds on it

3.    It’s brown shoes with laces.

4.    It’s blue umbrella with handle.

5.    It’s white cap with red peak.

6.    It’s while ball with red spots.

7.    It’s metal pen with top.

8.    It’s red travel bag with strap ,zip and side pocket

Comparative

Big

 Bigger  that

Short

Shorter than

Beautiful

More beautiful than

Large

Larger than

Expensive

More expensive than

Long

Longer than

Bad

Worse than

Good

Better than

Little

Littler than

22.

1.    The purple skirt is much cheaper than the brown skirt.

2.     The red cap is the most expensive.

3.    The yellow cap is much more beautiful than blue cap.

4.    The brown skirt is not as long as than yellow skirt.

5.    The brown skirt is the shortest .

6.    The grey skirt is not as nice as 

exercise 5

• exotic place
• fabulous hotel
• lovely guest-house
• marvelous camp-site
• the weather
• incredible Minoan Palace
• gorgeous sandy beaches
• traditional food
• ancient city
• amazing underwater cave
• wonderful island

exercise 6

1. horrible
2. lousy
3. cloudy
4. dirty
5. crowded
6. filths
7. unfriendly
8. disgusting 
9. awful

exercise 8

      a.hot and sunny
      b.snowy and freezing
 
      2.relaxed
      3.sad
      4.moody

      a.3
      b.1
      c.4
      d.2

exercise 9

1.  take
2. do
3. have
4. go 
5. do 
6. go

exercise 10

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. c
5. f
6. e

exercise 11

1. While she was having lunch someone stole her camera 
2. He is dirty.He has been repairing cars since morning 
3. He is sunburnt.He has been lying in the sun for hours
4. While they were exploring a cave a shark appeared
5. While she was skiing she broke her leg 
6. She is tired.She has been working since morning 

exercise 13

1. ago
2. for
3. ever
4. never
5. since
6. already
7. yet 
8. while
9. when 
10. so far 

exercise 14

•    We haven't gone fishing since last summer 
•   It's the first time she has eaten Chinese food 
• How long is it since he went to Naples?
• We haven't eaten out for a long time 
• He hasn;t been to Delhi for 5years

exercise 16

1. 'm writing 
2. came
3. are staying 
4.  has been
5. have been doing 
6. have already been 
7. take 
8. haven't been 
9. tried 
10. was
11. was 
12. were enjoying

UNIT 11

Water, Water Everywhere...
Imagine a world with no drinking water, and no water to wash or cook with. It’s hard to imagine this, because we use water every day without even thinking about it. Yet there are terrible water shortages all over the world. In parts of Africa and China, for example, many people don’t even have clean water to drink. In fact, over half of the people in the world have to live with water shortages every day. We all need water-not just for our homes and factories, but to survive. Fortunately, there are things that we can all do to save water.
The solution begins at home. We can save the water from our baths and use it for the garden, instead of washing hundreds of litres of clean water on our lawns and plants. This would help to save many litres of water every day, especially in the summer.
Governments can help by passing laws to stop factories from wasting and polluting water. If factories recycled water and stopped pouring chemicals into our lakes and rivers, there would be a lot more clean water around.
Governments could also stop water companies from wasting millions of litres of water because of leaking pipes. Many cities have successfully  saved water by repairing pippes.
All in all, there are many things we can do to save our planet’s disappearing water supplies. The time has come to start understanding the value of water, before a world without clean water becomes a terrible reality.
exercise 
ex:12)1. a beautiful brown wooden
         2. large grey a cotton
         3.heavy black metal
         4.Nice blue silk
13)it's a grey plastic suitcase with stickers on it.
     it's a gold ring with diamonds on it.
     it's a black strap, metal zip and red side pocket
     it's an elastic spots with ball on it
     it's a plastic handle with umbrella on it
     it's a cotton laces with shoes on it
     it's a cotton peak with cap on it
     it's a metal top with pen on it
21) big -bigger- the biggest
      short -shorter- the shortest
      beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful
      large- larger- the largest
      expensive- more expensive than- the most expansive
      long-longer-the  longest
      bad-worse than-the worst
      good-better-the best
      little-less-the least
7. 1.To ban cars. 2.air pollution 3.traffic fumes 4.acid rain 5.public transport 6.logging companies 7.rare plants 8.to plant trees 9.cleaner air 10.endangered spcies 11.basic needs 12.to live safely
8. 1.Because of sth 2.to live in a city 3.to stop logging 4.to
12. 1.Take 2.would 3.ask 4.didn't drop 5.want 6.stopped 7.wouldn't 8.walk 9.didn't use 10.well be
18. 1. SA:what would you do if you had a ciomputer?
SB:If i had a computer,I would play computer games and I would use the internet. What about you?
SA: If i had a computer,...
2. SA:What would you do if you had an aeroplane.
SB:If i jad an aeroplane, I would travel around the world.
SA:If i had an aeroplane...
19.S1:If i were very rich, i would go on holiday
S2: If i went on holiday,I'd go to London
S3: If i went to London, I'd visit Buckingham palace.
20. SA:What would you do if found a spider in your bed?
SB:If i would a spider in my bed,I'd scream.
    

   1.       To ban cars
    2.       Air pollution
    3.       Traffic Fumes
    4.        Acid Rain
    5.        Public Transport
    6.        Logging Companies
    7.        Rare Plants
    8.       To plant  trees
    9.       cleaner air
    10.   Endangered species
    11.   bakes  Needs
    12.   To live safely


     7.
    1.       Improve
    2.       breathe
    3.       Created
    4.       Destroys
    5.       Hunt
    6.       Causes

The internet: FAQS (Frequenty Asked Questions)

The internet is without doubt one of the most important invebtions in history. It was started in 1968 by the US government, but at first it was used mainly by scientists. Since 1990, when the World Wide Web was created, it has changed the world, and its uses are growing every day.
What exactly is the internet?
The internet is a network (several networks, in fact) of millions of computers around the world, connected by phone lines, satellite or cable, so that all the computers on the net can exchange information with each other.
    That’s the same thins as the web, isn’t it?
Not quite. The internet links computers, and the world wide web is a system which links the information in stored inside these computers.
    What is the web site, and how do I visit one?
A company or organization stores its information electronic documents on one of the internet computers, somewhere in the world. This computer space – the computer’s web site – has an address, in the  same way that every telephone has a number. To visit a web site, you simply enter the address. Your computer is connected to the web site, a document is downloaded, and a page appears on your computer screen.
  How do I “surf the net”?
When you visit a web site looking for information, some words on the page may be underlined showing that there is more information about the subject in another document. If you click on one of these words, the web automatically connects your computer to a new document or web site ,even if this is stored thousands of kilometers away. You’re surfing the net      
What can I use the internet for?
The main use of the internet is to find information – for your schoolwork or job, or just to find out more about your hobbies, sports or current events. You can also use the internet to read newspapers and magazines, play games, plan your holiday or buy things from your favourite shop. E-mail makes it possible to send electronic messages anywhere in the world in seconds, and you can use the internet to ‘chat’ with people and make new friends.
What do I need in order to use the internet?
If you don’t already use the internet, all you need to get started is computer, a modem a phone line. Using the internet is getting cheaper and easier all the time. Are you ready to surf the net? There’s a whole exciting internet world out there waiting for you!

mainly- гол төлөв
created-үүсгэгдсэн
are growing-өсөлт
connected-хоорондоо холбоотой
exchange-орлох
space-хоосон зай
enter the address-хаяг
underlined-заагдах
subject-сэдэв
click-тас хийн дуугарах
automatically-автоматаар
Интернет бол  түүхэндэх хамгийн чухал бүтээлийн нэг юм.Энэ 1968 онд ам?ркийн засгийн газар байгуулсан боловч эхлээд эрдэмтэд хэрэглэдэг байсан.1990онос хойш  WEB бүтээгдсэнээр дэлхий өөрчлөгдсөн ба энийг өнөөдөр өргөн хэрэглэх нь нэмэгдсэн.Интернэт бол маш олон сая компьютрүүд утасны шугам ,хиймэл дагуул эсвэл каблиар холбогдсон бөгөөд  бүх компьютрүүд интернээтээр өөр хоорондоо мэдээлэл солилцдог.
Интернет webtei  адил зүйл биш үү?
Яг ч адилхан биш.Интэгнет бол котпьютрүүдийг холбодог бол  web бол компьютрүүд дэх мэдээллүүд дамжуулдаг юм.
 
Компани эсвэл албан байгууллага чухал мэдээллүүдээ электрон хэлбэрээр дэлхийн хаана нэгэн интетнэтийн компьютерт байрлуулна.Утас бүр дугаартай байдаг адил  компани өөрийн хаягтай байдаг.Вэб сайтад зочлоход бичиг баримтыг татах ба таны компьютрын дэлгэцэнд гаргадаг.
Яаж нетээр аялах бэ ?
Веб сайтад зочлон мэдээлэл хайх явцад,  зарим үгийн дор зураастай байдаг бөгөөд  тухайн сэдвийн талаар  илүү мэдээлэл өөр хуудсанд байна гэсэн үг,хэрвээ та эдгээр үгийн нэгэнд товч дарвал хэдэн мянган км-ын цаанаас вэб автоматаар  таны компьютер шинэ бичиг баримт эсвэл өөр вэб сайтад холбогдоно.
Интернетийг юунд хэрэглэж чадах бэ?
Интернетийн үндсэн хэрэглээ нь таны  хичээл эсвэл  ажлын талаарх мэдээлэл хайх эсвэл өөрийн сонирхдог hobby, спорт, сүүлийн үеийн мэдээ зэргийг судлахад оршино. Та бас интернетийг ашиглан сонин сэтгүүл уншиж, тоглоом тоглож, амралтаа төлөвлөж эсвэл  хүссэн дэлгүүртэйгээ худалдаа хийх боломжтой.Элетрон илгээмж хийж  дэлхйин хаа нэгтээ илгээх боломжтой бөгөөд та интернетийг ашиглана хүмүүстэй шаталц шннэ найзтай болох боломжтой.
Интернет ашиглахын тулд юу хийх  хэрэгтэй бэ?
Хэрвээ та интернет ашиглахад бэлэн биш бол эхлээд компьютерь,модем бас утасны шугамтай болох хэрэгтэй.Интернетийг ашигсланаар  хямд ба хэрэглэхэд илүү амархан болж байнав
Та нетээр аялахад бэлэн үү?Сэтгэл хөдөлгөмөөр интернэтйин ёртөнц таныг хүлээж байна !

The pros and cons of using the internet

Интэрнэтээр орчин үед маш өндөр хөгжиж,  зар сурталчилагаа дэлхий дахины мэдээ мэдээлэл,Зугаа цэнгээн,цахим дэлгүүрэр болон шуудангийн үйлчилгээг  авах боломжтой.Үнэнийг хэлхэд дэлхий дахинд  интэрнэт  төгс бус мэдээлэл түгээдэг.

Интэрнэтийг хэрэглэснээр олон давуу талүүд  бий болно. Хамгийн сүүлийн үеийн мэдээ мэдээллийг таньд шууд шуурхай хүргэнэ,таны гэрт ямар ч цаг өдөр шөнийн алинд нь ч, энэ нь маш хурдан, бас улаан өндөгний баяр тавцангаар гулгалт  очих гэж байгаа аялхыг хүссэн дэлхийн олон тооны хотуудын мэдээллийг хайх боломжтой г. м.Цахим дэлгүүрээс байж болох бүтээгдхүүнээ каталогоос шууд хайж таарснаа олох та юу хүсэж байна  хямдрал таны  цаг болон мөнгө аль алийг нь хэмнэнэ. Шинэ ангилал болон олон ангилалруу нэвтрэхдээ та өөрийн хобби, маш таалагддаг зүйлээ дэлхий дээрх бүх найзуудруугаа явуулж болно.Гэсэн ч Э-майл бол өргөн маш их хэрэгтэй  учир нь маш хурдан хугацаанд захидал илгээж  мөн хурдан шуурхай утсаар ярилцдаг.

 Интэрнэтэд  хэд  хэдэн сул тал байдаг бидэнд маш их мэдээлэл бэлэн байгаа, та хүсэснээ олохын тулд нилээн их цаг сууна  мултимэдиа  веб  хуудсын хамт гэрэл зургууд  болон дуу бичлэгүүд анхаарал татсан,эдгээрийг татахад хэт удаан бас уйтгартай энд хэт их зар сурталчилгааны оронд асар их мэдээлэл байна. Интэрнэтээр найзын холбоогоор гэртээ сууж байгаад найзуудтайгаа харилцаж хоорондоо уулзахаа байсан. 

Эцэст нь интэрнэт  сайн болон муу талтай. Азаар, энэ  үргэлж сайжирч байдаг. Мөн гарж буй олон асуудлуудыг шийдвэрлэж байна. Бид Тэгсэн тэгээгүй дуртай мөн дургүй ч, Интэрнэт энд үлдэнэ. Тэгхээр бид  шилдэг санааг хийх дэвшүүлэх хэрэгтэй байна.

The pros and cons of using the internet

Advertisements for the internet promise you a world of information, entertainment,on-line shopping and e-mail services. But the real world of the intrnet may not be as perfect as the advertisements suggest.

Using the intrnet offers many advantages. For example, all of the latest information is available to you, in your home, at any hour of the day or night, it is much faster and easier to surf the net in search of information from all over the world than to travel to libraries in dozens of countries. firstly, on-line shopping makes it possible to search through catalogues to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. By joining a newsgroup or char group, you can share your hobbies and special interests, and perhaps make friends all over the world. Also, e-mail is popular because it is faster than sending a letter and cheaper than telephone conversation.

On the other hand, the internet has several disadvantages. However, with so much information available, finding what you want can take you hours. Multimedia web pages with photographs, music and video are attractive, finally they make downloading slow and boring. What is more, there is too much advertising instead of real information. As for internet friendships, sitting at home in fornt of a computer making ‘chat friends’ is not the same as actually meeting people.

In conclusion, the internet obviously has both good and bad points fortunately, the system is improving all the time, and any problems which still exist can be solved. Whether we like it or no, the internet is here to stay, so we have to make the best possible use of it.

Water, Water Everywhere...

Imagine a world with no drinking water, and no water to wash or cook with. It’s hard to imagine this, because we use water every day without even thinking about it. Yet there are terrible water shortages all over the world. In parts of Africa and China, for example, many people don’t even have clean water to drink. In fact, over half of the people in the world have to live with water shortages every day. We all need water-not just for our homes and factories, but to survive. Fortunately, there are things that we can all do to save water.

The solution begins at home. We can save the water from our baths and use it for the garden, instead of washing hundreds of litres of clean water on our lawns and plants. This would help to save many litres of water every day, especially in the summer.

Governments can help by passing laws to stop factories from wasting and polluting water. If factories recycled water and stopped pouring chemicals into our lakes and rivers, there would be a lot more clean water around.

Governments could also stop water companies from wasting millions of litres of water because of leaking pipes. Many cities have successfully  saved water by repairing pippes.

All in all, there are many things we can do to save our planet’s disappearing water supplies. The time has come to start understanding the value of water, before a world without clean water becomes a terrible reality.

Ус, ус, хаасайгүй.........

Дэлхийг ямар ч уух усгүй, ямар ч хоол хийх болон угаах усгүйгээр төсөөлдөө. Төсөөлөхөд ч хэцүү, учир нь бид үүний тухай бодох ч гүйгээр усыг өдөр болгон хэргэлдэг. Дэлхийд аймшигтай усний хомсдолтой газрууд олон бий. Африк болон хятадын зарим хэсэгүүгэд олон хүмүүс уух ундны цэвэр усгүй хүмүүс байдаг. Тухайлбал дэлхийн бараг тал хөмөөс өдөр болгон ундны усны хомсдолтой амьдарч байна. Бидэнд бүгдэд ус хэрэгтэй зүгээр ч нэг гэр ахуйд болон үйлдвэрүүдэд биш амьдрахын төлөө. Мэдээж бидэнд бүгдэд усаа аривлахын төлөө хийж чадах зүйлс бий.
Гэрээсээ эхлүүлнэ. Бид усыг баннаасаа, хэдэн зуу зуун литрээр нь цэцэрлэгийхээ зүлэг ургамалаа услахаас авахуулан аривлаж чадна. Энэ нь өдөр болгон ялангуяа зун маш олон литр усаа гамнахад тус болох юм.
Мөн засгийн газар үйлдвэрүүдийг усаа үрэхгүй бохирдуулахгүй байх хууль гарган тусалж болно. Хэрвээ үйлдвэрүүд усыг бохирдуулахгүй бас химийн бодисуудыг нуур голдоо цутгахгүй бол бидний эргэн тойронд цэвэр ус илүү их болох болно.
Засгийн газар бас сая сая литр усыг дэмий зарлагадахыг зогсоовол олон хот усаа гамнаж чадна.
Эцэст нь хэлэхэд бидэнд цэнхэр нүдэн гаригийнхаа усыг үрээхгүйн төлөө хийж чадах маш олон зүйл бий. Энэ ертөнцөө ямар ч цэвэр усгүй аймшигтай болохоос өмнө усны үнэ цэнийг ухаарах цаг болжээ